1997-1999 National Geograpgic
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NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 1997 - 1999

January 1997

bulletThe Imperiled Nile Delta (As the Mediterranean Sea encroaches and the Egyptian population grows, what’s to become of the fertile lands at the mouth of the ancient river?)
bulletPeruvian Mummies Revisited (Sharp eyes of science probe the Mummies of Peru ) (An Inca maiden, sacrificed on an Andean peak five centuries ago, reveals more secrets.)
bulletTree Giants of North America: Climbing an Ecological Frontier (Suspended hundreds of feet above the ground, scientists investigate the temperate rain forest canopies of the Pacific Northwest .)
bulletJoseph Rock (1922-1935): Our Man in China (Explorer and journalist Joseph Rock brought China to life for Geographic readers in the 1920s and ‘30s.)
bulletBeneath the Tasman Sea (The plankton-rich waters off Australia ’s island state host rare and splendid creatures.)
bulletField Notes (The Society’s Committee for Research and Exploration helped fund 200 field projects last year.)
bulletSri Lanka (A nation of azure skies and emerald forests in the Indian Ocean is turning crimson from bloody civil conflict.
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February 1997

bulletSons of Genghis Khan: The Great Khans (Heirs of the great Mongol warrior set out to conquer the world and nearly succeeded, forging the largest land empire in history.)
bulletAn Arctic Breakthrough (Scientists are evaluating secret polar data, newly released by the U.S. and Russia in a farsighted act of bilateral cooperation.)
bulletLichens: More Than Meets the Eye (Among the world’s oldest organisms, lichens provide food, medicine, rainbow-hued dyes, and even monitor air quality.)
bulletThe Dawn of Humans: The First Steps (A wealth of fossil finds in Africa draws us closer to answers about when, where, and why our earliest ancestors first stood upright. Double Map Supplement: The Dawn of Humans)
bulletSiberian Tigers (Russian and American researchers join forces to try to save the world’s biggest cat.)
bulletUnder New York (An incredible maze of water mains, transit tunnels, sewer pipes, and power cables girds the core of the Big Apple.)
bulletDouble Map Supplement: The Dawn of Humans is included.
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March 1997

bulletBoom Times on the Gold Coast of China (Cities on the Pearl River Delta are booming, thanks to free enterprise and the pending reunion with Hong Kong and Macau.)
bulletHong Kong: Countdown to China (Time’s up! On July 1 Great Britain relinquishes its Asian colony to China .)
bulletMoths Come to Light (Some 140,000 species of moths display an astonishing variety of disguises and survival techniques.)
bulletOur National Forests: Into the line of fire (Federal woodlands have become recreation destinations – and battlefields over multiple use.)
bulletThe Magic of Paper (One of civilization’s most precious innovations has recorded and helped shape the way we live.)
bulletKaliningrad : Coping with a German past and a Russian future (Wrested from Germany in World War II , Russia ’s ice-free Baltic port tries capitalism.)
bulletBearded Seals: Going With The Floe (The first detailed study of these Pinnipeds in their Arctic .  
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April 1997

bulletTime Exposures: The Hubble Telescope Views The Universe From Space (Astronomy’s unmatched eye records the fringes of the universe from earth orbit.)
bulletTraveling Australia ’s Dog Fence (Stretching across the outback, the 3,300-mile barrier protects sheep from dingoes – but poses ecological dilemmas.)
bulletBorneo ’s Strangler Fig Trees (These tropical giants often kill their hosts, but their fruit sustains myriad island animals.)
bulletThe Yellowstone: The Last Best River (Tumbling out of Yellowstone National Park , one of the West’s last undimmed rivers carves a fantastic landscape on its way to meet the Missouri .)
bullet Moscow : The New Revolution (Free enterprise is changing the complexion of Russian’s cosmopolitan capital.)
bulletOil on Ice: Economic boon, environmental disruption – Alaska weighs the problem (After 20 years Alaska ’s North Slope gusher is slowing down, and the industry has its eye on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.)  
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May 1997

bulletIndia : Fifty Years of Independence (Home to nearly a billion people, Asia’s giant democracy struggles to fulfill the dream born with its freedom from Britain 50 years ago.)
bullet Iceland ’s Trial by Fire (A volcanic eruption ripped open the island-nation’s largest glacier, unleashing the worst flood in 60 years.)
bulletLa Salle’s Last Voyage (In 1686 the Belle ran aground off Texas , ending a French explorer’s quest to reach the Mississippi by sea. Now the wreck surrenders its secrets.)
bulletThe Dawn of Humans: Expanding Worlds (Fleet-footed and skilled at tool-making, Homo erectus was probably the first member of our human family to venture out of Africa .)
bulletHunting the Mighty Python (Gbaya men in central Cameroon stalk the huge snakes for meat and skin by crawling into their burrows and hauling them out bare-handed.)
bulletA Wild Ride: Biking across the Alaska Range (After 775 bone-rattling miles of glaciers and gravel bars, a trio looks back at an awesome mountain-biking adventure.)
bulletDouble Map Supplement: SOUTH ASIA with AFGHANISTAN and MYANMAR (Side 1) / INDIA (Side 2), Size 20 5/8 x 23 Inches.  
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June 1997

bulletFrench Polynesia: Charting a New Course ( France ’s restless South Pacific paradise grapples with modernization as it fights for its identity.)
bulletBlack Pearls of French Polynesia (Crystalline lagoons of the Tuamotu Archipelago provide a home for unique South Seas Trove.)
bulletRestoring Old Ironsides (In July the U.S.S. Constitution is scheduled to set sail from Boston for the first time in 116 years.)
bulletCats: Nature’s Masterwork (From tiger to tabby, these marvels of design are all the same under the skin.)
bulletThe Human-Cat Connection: The Family Line (Researchers mapping feline DNA find intriguing genetic similarities to humans.)
bulletOkinawa: Claiming its birthright ( Japan ’s southern outpost has hosted the U.S. military for five decades. Some argue that’s long enough.)
bulletSpecial Places: Hemingway’s Many Hearted Fox River (Hemingway’s storied trout stream wends its way through the woods and bogs of northern Michigan .)
bulletIn Focus: Central Africa ’s Cycle of Violence (Forty years of violence between Hutu and Tutsi has scarred the core of a continent.)  
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July 1997

bulletRoman Empire (Ruthless in conquest but tolerant in victory, the ancient Romans forged a vast empire that lasted more than a thousand years. In the first of two articles we trace its rise and fall.)
bulletSumo (Cloaked in ritual, explosive bouts between titanic wrestlers reveal much about Japanese history and culture.)
bulletMontserrat: Under the Volcano (For two years residents of this tiny Caribbean island have lived with a smoldering, belching menace.)
bulletRobot Revolution (Smaller and smarter than ever, robotic machines have moved beyond the factory floor to transform human work, entertainment, and exploration.)
bulletThe Dawn of Humans: The First Europeans (Pushing Europe ’s prehistory back to a million years ago, scientists are finding startlingly early human remains. Our ancestors? Or their mysterious precursors?)
bulletThe Grand Managed Canyon ( Glen Canyon Dam has long harnessed the mighty Colorado , but environmentalists, biologists, and river runners still contest the benefits.)
bulletDouble Map Supplement: The Roman Empire  
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August 1997

bulletIslands at the Edge (Shifting slivers of sand, the barrier islands that protect the Atlantic and Gulf coasts lure beach lovers into a losing battle with nature.)
bulletA New Light in the Sea ( Red Sea corals explode with fluorescent colors under the glow of ultraviolet light.)
bulletThe Frozen Face of Thalay Sagar (No one has reached the summit of this 22,650-foot Himalayan peak by its north face. Two American climbers find out why.)
bulletRoman Legacy (Fifteen centuries after the fall of Rome the empire’s influence still pervades our culture in law, language, architecture, and government.)
bullet A Special Place : Oregon ’s Outback (In the state’s rugged southeast corner the wind is a constant companion, and water is as rare as a neighbor.)
bullet Malaysia : Rising Star (After 40 years of independence this Southeast Asian nation has achieved peace and plenty, at a cost.)
bulletMalaysia ’s Secret Realm (Mists wreathe Sabah on the northern tip of Borneo , where virgin rain forest shelters fragile treasures.)  
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September 1997

bulletChina ’s Three Gorges: Before the Flood (The world’s mightiest dam is rising on the Yangtze River . Gains: electric power and flood control. Losses: wild canyons and hundreds of thousands of homes.)
bulletRoute 66: Romancing the Road (Rattling through Arizona , this remnant of a historic highway returns travelers to two-lane America and the auto’s golden age.)
bulletRacing with the Wind (Competitors from three nations last winter attempted the first nonstop girdling of the globe by balloon.)
bulletA Dream Called Nunavut (In 1999 Canada ’s Inuit will land their greatest catch – 770,000 square miles to call their own. Double Map Supplement: Canadian North.)
bulletThe Dawn of Humans: Tracking the First of Our Kind (Around 117,000 years ago in southern Africa an early member of our species left footprints in a sand dune. Could it have been the “Eve” some scientists are seeking?)
bulletBeirut Rising (A war-torn ruin after 15 years of civil strife, Lebanon ’s capital is rebuilding itself physically and socially.)
bulletThe Siren Song of Everest (Amateurs crowd the perilous slopes of earth’s highest mountain, seeking the adventure of a lifetime.)
bulletDouble Map Supplement: Canadian North  
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October 1997

bulletDown the Zambezi (Life flows at the pace of a dugout canoe along this great river in the heart of Africa, blessed with fertile land, abundant wildlife, and the glory of Victoria Falls.)
bulletAmericana : County Fairs ( America ’s come-one, come-all celebrations have long knit communities out of scattered farm families. Now they do the same for city folk and suburbanites.)
bulletThe Promise of Pakistan (Fifty years after independence the Asian nation founded as a Muslim homeland works to bolster its economy and confront it social ills.)
bulletParasites: Looking for a Free Lunch (Most of earth’s creatures are freeloaders, and those that aren’t are playing host. From the protozoans that cause malaria to the mites living on your skin, parasites range from deadly to benign.)
bulletThe Most Ancient Americans (Shattering assumptions, a well-preserved site at Monte Verde, Chile, yields proof that humans arrived in the Western Hemisphere more than 12,000 years ago.)
bulletVincent Van Gogh: Lullaby in Color (During the ten years before his death, the artist unleashed a passion for color that defines his paintings and marks him as a genius of unsurpassed vision.)  
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November 1997

bulletAging: New Answers to Old Questions (In the face of an exploding elderly population, scientists study how and why humans age, and seek the secrets of longer, healthier lives.)
bulletWilderness Rafting Siberian Style (A fearless Siberian team takes handmade equipment to the edge on the raging Oygaing River in Uzbekistan .)
bulletQuebec ’s Quandary (After a troubled 130-year marriage to English-speaking Canada , the French-speaking province is weighing the pros and cons of calling it quits.)
bulletFlies that Fight (Flies with spreading antlers that battle like miniature elk for mates? Take a ringside seat for the rain forest brawl.)
bulletPortrait of a Hutsul Village (In the seclusion of Ukraine’s Carpathian Mountains, the Hutsul people are regaining ancestral lands and reviving cherished traditions suppressed by the former Soviet Union.)
bullet A Special Place : North Woods Journal (Deep in the Minnesota wilderness, where pine trees claw the surface of dark lakes, a native son records his habitat in a personal journey of discovery.)
bulletMustang: Nepal ’s Forgotten Corner (Long isolated by topography and regional politics, the picturesque realm of Mustang is now open to the outside world.)  
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December 1997

bulletMaking Room for Wild Tigers (Perilous but not hopeless, the future of the world’s few thousand wild tigers hinges on providing them land, prey, and protection.)
bulletSita: Life of a Wild Tigress (No female wild tiger has produced more documented litters than Sita, who has boosted the tiger population in the Indian national park she calls home.)
bullet Australia by Bike: A Bloody Long Way Home (Wandering down under on two wheels brings an American journalist face-to-face with his adopted country.)
bulletThe Royal Crypts of Copan (Hidden for more than 1,500 years beneath the ruins of an ancient city in Honduras, the death house of an illustrious Maya ruler dazzles archaeologists with is regal cache.)
bulletThe Age of Comets (Cosmic visitors, with tails stretching across the heavens, bear remnants of the early solar system.)
bulletScaling the Dragon’s Spires of Vietnam ’s Ha Long Bay (Drawn by natural arches and sheer cliffs, sport climbers tackle the Ha Long Bay islands of Vietnam .)
bulletUncovering Patagonia’s Lost World (Digging up one surprising fossil after another, paleontologists are rethinking the evolution of dinosaurs in South America .)
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January 1998

bulletMaking Sense of the Millennium (As the year 2000 approaches and global mania builds, we step back to consider six areas critical to future generations in this introduction to a two-year series.)
bullet Blackpool , England (Braving chill waters and rambunctious crowds, Britons for decades have enjoyed the gaudy pleasures of this improbably seaside resort.)
bulletPolar Bears: Stalkers of the High Arctic (Scientists follow the sea bear into the Arctic vastness, puzzling out how it hunts, breeds, and keeps from freezing to death.)
bullet A Special Place : The Easy Ways of the Altamaha (Gnarled cypresses dot the marshes where herons stalk and gators laze and Georgians savor the tranquility of their timeless river.)
bulletLabors of Love (The National Geographic Society’s Committee for Research and Exploration included Maya villagers among more than 200 grantees funded in 1997.)
bulletThe Netherlands : Ode to Ice (When a hard freeze transforms the Dutch landscape, canals sing with the music of skates.)
bulletAmelia Earhart (The world’s most famous aviatrix vanished over the Pacific in 1937. Amelia Earhart’s untimely death helped assure that her pioneering achievements in the cockpit would not be forgotten.)  
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February 1998

bulletExploration: Where Do We Go Next?
bulletRevolutions in Mapping (Computers and satellites allow today’s mapmakers to chart the heavens, guide a missile, or help a farmer increase crop yield, with data that can be updated instantly.)
bulletThe Millennium Series: Why Explore? (Pathfinders discuss what it means to be an explorer of earth, sea, and space at the dawn of the 21st century.)
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